Allegation of Research Misconducts

LegalSpectrum is committed to upholding the highest standards of integrity in academic publishing. We take allegations of research misconduct seriously and follow a fair, transparent, and confidential process to handle such cases.

Research misconduct includes, but is not limited to:

• Fabrication: Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.

• Falsification: Manipulating research materials, equipment, processes, or data.

• Plagiarism: Appropriating another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit.

• Authorship abuse: Including individuals as authors who do not meet authorship criteria or omitting those who do.

• Redundant publication: Submitting the same or similar work to multiple journals without proper disclosure.

When an allegation is raised:

1. The editorial team will conduct a preliminary assessment in confidence.

2. If warranted, the case will be referred to the relevant institution or governing body for investigation.

3. While the investigation is ongoing, the manuscript in question may be placed on hold or retracted if already published.

4. If misconduct is confirmed, actions may include rejection or retraction of the article, notification to affiliated institutions, and a ban on future submissions by the authors involved.